Yes, Mindaugas converted to Catholicism and was crowned in Navahrudak in 1253. The royal crown was sent to Mindaugas by the Pope himself. Mindaugas's coronation can be considered the official date of the formation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

No, Belarusian historians believe that Mindaugas converted to Catholicism and was crowned in Navahrudak in 1253. The royal crown was sent to Mindaugas by the Pope himself. Mindaugas's coronation can be considered the official date of the formation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

No, Vilnius appears in chronicles much later. Belarusian historians believe that Mindaugas converted to Catholicism and was crowned in Navahrudak in 1253. The royal crown was sent to Mindaugas by the Pope himself. Mindaugas's coronation can be considered the official date of the formation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

No, Belarusian historians believe that Mindaugas converted to Catholicism and was crowned in Navahrudak in 1253. The royal crown was sent to Mindaugas by the Pope himself. Mindaugas's coronation can be considered the official date of the formation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

No. In the summer of 1382, the state capital was again in Jogaila's hands. Kęstutis was captured by deceit and imprisoned in Krėva Castle. His son Vytautas, Prince of Hrodna, Brest, and Kamianets, was captured with him. By Jogaila's order, Kęstutis was strangled. Vytautas, however, managed to escape.

No, this is something from "Game of Thrones". In the summer of 1382, the state capital was again in Jogaila's hands. Kęstutis was captured by deceit and imprisoned in Krėva Castle. His son Vytautas, Prince of Hrodna, Brest, and Kamianets, was captured with him. By Jogaila's order, Kęstutis was strangled. Vytautas, however, managed to escape.

Correct! In the summer of 1382, the state capital was again in Jogaila's hands. Kęstutis was captured by deceit and imprisoned in Krėva Castle. His son Vytautas, Prince of Hrodna, Brest, and Kamianets, was captured with him. By Jogaila's order, Kęstutis was strangled. Vytautas, however, managed to escape.

No. In Poland, the king died without leaving any sons. His two daughters were betrothed to German princes. One of them was supposed to become the Polish king. For Poland, this would mean catastrophe. The Germans already owned a significant part of Polish lands. Poland's relations with the Teutonic Order also worsened. Therefore, Polish feudal lords began looking for another husband for the future queen. The choice fell on Jogaila.

Yes, indeed! In Poland, the king died without leaving any sons. His two daughters were betrothed to German princes. One of them was supposed to become the Polish king. For Poland, this would mean catastrophe. The Germans already owned a significant part of Polish lands. Poland's relations with the Teutonic Order also worsened. Therefore, Polish feudal lords began looking for another husband for the future queen. The choice fell on Jogaila.

No. In Poland, the king died without leaving any sons. His two daughters were betrothed to German princes. One of them was supposed to become the Polish king. For Poland, this would mean catastrophe. The Germans already owned a significant part of Polish lands. Poland's relations with the Teutonic Order also worsened. Therefore, Polish feudal lords began looking for another husband for the future queen. The choice fell on Jogaila.

No. In return, Jogaila promised to unite the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with Poland and baptize pagan Lithuania into Catholicism. He also had to transport the treasury of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from Vilnius to Kraków, help Poland regain lost lands, and release all Polish prisoners. And also pay a significant sum of money to the German prince, to whom Jadwiga was betrothed, for the broken marriage.

No. In return, Jogaila promised to unite the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with Poland and baptize pagan Lithuania into Catholicism. He also had to transport the treasury of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from Vilnius to Kraków, help Poland regain lost lands, and release all Polish prisoners. And also pay a significant sum of money to the German prince, to whom Jadwiga was betrothed, for the broken marriage.

No. In return, Jogaila promised to unite the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with Poland and baptize pagan Lithuania into Catholicism. He also had to transport the treasury of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from Vilnius to Kraków, help Poland regain lost lands, and release all Polish prisoners. And also pay a significant sum of money to the German prince, to whom Jadwiga was betrothed, for the broken marriage.

Indeed, there was no such condition. In return, Jogaila promised to unite the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with Poland and baptize pagan Lithuania into Catholicism. He also had to transport the treasury of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from Vilnius to Kraków, help Poland regain lost lands, and release all Polish prisoners. And also pay a significant sum of money to the German prince, to whom Jadwiga was betrothed, for the broken marriage.

Indeed! The Czech Hussites were fighting against the German Emperor Sigismund I of Luxembourg. To gain the support of the powerful Vytautas, they offered him to become King of Bohemia. To prevent Vytautas from agreeing, he offered him the crown of Lithuania and Rus'. The frightened Poles intercepted the crown.

No! The Czech Hussites were fighting against the German Emperor Sigismund I of Luxembourg. To gain the support of the powerful Vytautas, they offered him to become King of Bohemia. To prevent Vytautas from agreeing, he offered him the crown of Lithuania and Rus'. The frightened Poles intercepted the crown.

Not quite! The Czech Hussites were fighting against the German Emperor Sigismund I of Luxembourg. To gain the support of the powerful Vytautas, they offered him to become King of Bohemia. To prevent Vytautas from agreeing, he offered him the crown of Lithuania and Rus'. The frightened Poles intercepted the crown.

No. Vytautas did not want the complete destruction of the Order. He intended to use the Teutonic Knights to deter the Poles. Vytautas understood that without this, Poland would again want to lay claim to his possessions. Further siege of Malbork became futile.

No! Vytautas did not want the complete destruction of the Order. He intended to use the Teutonic Knights to deter the Poles. Vytautas understood that without this, Poland would again want to lay claim to his possessions. Further siege of Malbork became futile.

Indeed, Vytautas did not want this. He intended to use the Teutonic Knights to deter the Poles. Vytautas understood that without this, Poland would again want to lay claim to his possessions. Further siege of Malbork became futile.

No! Vytautas did not want the complete destruction of the Order. He intended to use the Teutonic Knights to deter the Poles. Vytautas understood that without this, Poland would again want to lay claim to his possessions. Further siege of Malbork became futile.

That's right! Švitrigaila was an opponent of the union with Poland. In 1431, Poland officially declared war on him. Lithuanian feudal lords, dissatisfied with the prince's policy, conspired to kill him. Švitrigaila fled to the Rus' lands that supported him. The leader of the conspirators, Sigismund Kęstutaitis, was proclaimed Grand Duke of Lithuania in Vilnius.

No! Švitrigaila was an opponent of the union with Poland. In 1431, Poland officially declared war on him. Lithuanian feudal lords, dissatisfied with the prince's policy, conspired to kill him. Švitrigaila fled to the Rus' lands that supported him. The leader of the conspirators, Sigismund Kęstutaitis, was proclaimed Grand Duke of Lithuania in Vilnius.

No! Švitrigaila was an opponent of the union with Poland. In 1431, Poland officially declared war on him. Lithuanian feudal lords, dissatisfied with the prince's policy, conspired to kill him. Švitrigaila fled to the Rus' lands that supported him. The leader of the conspirators, Sigismund Kęstutaitis, was proclaimed Grand Duke of Lithuania in Vilnius.

No! Hacı Giray was born in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, probably in Lida. In 1428, with Vytautas's support, he captured the Crimean ulus. He was expelled, and with an army assembled in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, he repeatedly subjugated Crimea, returning to Lida again. In 1440, at the request of the Tatar nobility, Casimir Jagiellon released Hacı Giray to Crimea. There, on behalf of Grand Duke Casimir, Marshal Radziwiłł Ościk confirmed him on the khan's throne.

Indeed! Hacı Giray was born in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, probably in Lida. In 1428, with Vytautas's support, he captured the Crimean ulus. He was expelled, and with an army assembled in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, he repeatedly subjugated Crimea, returning to Lida again. In 1440, at the request of the Tatar nobility, Casimir Jagiellon released Hacı Giray to Crimea. There, on behalf of Grand Duke Casimir, Marshal Radziwiłł Ościk confirmed him on the khan's throne.

No, Constantinople had not yet fallen then! Hacı Giray, who was born in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, probably in Lida, captured the Crimean ulus in 1428 with Vytautas's support. He was expelled, and with an army assembled in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, he repeatedly subjugated Crimea, returning to Lida again. In 1440, at the request of the Tatar nobility, Casimir Jagiellon released Hacı Giray to Crimea. There, on behalf of Grand Duke Casimir, Marshal Radziwiłł Ościk confirmed him on the khan's throne.

No! Hacı Giray, who was born in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, probably in Lida, captured the Crimean ulus in 1428 with Vytautas's support. He was expelled, and with an army assembled in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, he repeatedly subjugated Crimea, returning to Lida again. In 1440, at the request of the Tatar nobility, Casimir Jagiellon released Hacı Giray to Crimea. There, on behalf of Grand Duke Casimir, Marshal Radziwiłł Ościk confirmed him on the khan's throne.

No! It was Brest, which received Magdeburg Rights in 1390, three years after the capital. Hrodna received it a year later - in 1391.

No! It was Brest, which received Magdeburg Rights in 1390, three years after the capital. Minsk received it only in 1499.

Yes, it was Brest! It received Magdeburg Rights in 1390, three years after the capital.

No! It was Brest, which received Magdeburg Rights in 1390, three years after the capital. Polotsk received it only in 1498.

No, this style was characteristic of the previous era. In the late XIV–XV centuries, the Gothic style predominated. Belarusian Gothic belongs to the Northern European variant of this style. It is characterized by greater restraint and severity. Brick was used more widely than stone. The main feature of Gothic churches in Belarus was triangular pointed facades.

This style, in its pure form, was already declining. In the late XIV–XV centuries, the Gothic style predominated. Belarusian Gothic belongs to the Northern European variant of this style. It is characterized by greater restraint and severity. Brick was used more widely than stone. The main feature of Gothic churches in Belarus was triangular pointed facades.

Yes! Belarusian Gothic belongs to the Northern European variant of this style. It is characterized by greater restraint and severity. Brick was used more widely than stone. The main feature of Gothic churches in Belarus was triangular pointed facades.

Such a style does not exist. In the late XIV–XV centuries, the Gothic style predominated. Belarusian Gothic belongs to the Northern European variant of this style. It is characterized by greater restraint and severity. Brick was used more widely than stone. The main feature of Gothic churches in Belarus was triangular pointed facades.