Society

Belarusians can avoid paying off loans taken out by fraudsters. Here are the cases.

Вот что белорусу следует предпринять, если мошенники дистанционно оформили кредит на его имя, а банк требует возврата:

  1. Немедленно обратитесь в банк: Сообщите банку о мошенничестве в письменной форме. Обязательно укажите, что вы не оформляли кредит и считаете его мошенническим. Запросите копии всех документов, связанных с кредитом, включая заявку, договор и т.д.
  2. Обратитесь в милицию (правоохранительные органы): Подайте заявление о факте мошенничества. Получите талон-уведомление о регистрации вашего заявления. Это важный документ, подтверждающий, что вы сообщили о преступлении.
  3. Напишите заявление в Национальную систему кредитных историй (НСКИ): Уточните в банке или милиции, в какую именно НСКИ переданы данные по вашему кредиту, и напишите туда заявление о несогласии с информацией о кредите. Приложите копию заявления в милицию и другие документы, подтверждающие, что вы не брали кредит.
  4. Соберите доказательства:
    • Сохраните все документы, полученные от банка и милиции.
    • Если есть подозрения, каким образом мошенники могли получить ваши данные (например, утечка данных из какой-то организации), соберите информацию об этом.
    • В идеале – зафиксировать (например, скриншотами) любые онлайн-активности, которые могут указывать на мошеннические действия (подозрительные письма, сообщения и т.д.).
  5. Проконсультируйтесь с юристом: Юрист, специализирующийся на банковском праве и мошенничестве, сможет оценить вашу ситуацию, помочь составить необходимые заявления и представлять ваши интересы в суде, если дело дойдет до суда.
  6. Помните о сроках: Важно действовать оперативно. Чем быстрее вы обратитесь в соответствующие органы, тем больше шансов на успешное разрешение ситуации.
  7. Будьте готовы к судебному разбирательству: Если банк не признает факт мошенничества, скорее всего, дело дойдет до суда. Ваша задача в суде – доказать, что вы не оформляли кредит и не получали денежные средства. Предоставьте все собранные доказательства, показания свидетелей (если есть) и добивайтесь проведения экспертизы (например, почерковедческой, если есть сомнения в подлинности вашей подписи на документах).
Важно: Не игнорируйте требования банка. Молчание может быть истолковано не в вашу пользу. Активно взаимодействуйте с банком, милицией и НСКИ, предоставляйте все необходимые документы и информацию. This information is for guidance only and should not be considered legal advice. It is recommended to seek professional legal counsel for specific advice related to your situation.

Photo: LookByMedia

Criminal investigations into fraud cases in the digital environment, particularly those involving online loans taken out in the victim's name and subsequent theft of the money, are often protracted. Therefore, the First Deputy Prosecutor of Minsk, Kazimir Kezhun, advises victims to directly file a lawsuit in court to challenge the loan agreements in civil proceedings.

The basis for the lawsuit is the lack of will of the borrower to enter into the agreement and the fraudulent actions of third parties who have taken possession of Belarusians' personal data (passwords, passport data, card details, SMS codes), writes "MP".

To consider a case challenging a loan agreement, the courts request materials from criminal cases and, depending on the circumstances, assess whether the Belarusian had the intention to take out a loan.

There are several real cases where a contract concluded by fraudsters was declared invalid. A 62-year-old disabled man who did not use online banking informed fraudsters of a verification code from an SMS. The court found out that in one hour, the fraudsters created an account in the victim's name and took out a loan. The contract was declared unconcluded, as the man's will to enter into the transaction was absent.

Here is another case. Online loans totaling more than 9,500 rubles were taken out in the name of an elderly woman after a fake law enforcement officer gained remote access to her smartphone. Due to individual characteristics, she could not fully protect her rights on her own, and therefore the prosecutor, in her interests, sent a statement of claim to one of the district courts of the capital to recognize the loan agreements as unconcluded. The court granted the prosecutor's claims, as it proved that the contracts were concluded on behalf of the victim and without her participation by a stranger from abroad.

"A contract that the court has declared unconcluded does not give rise to legal consequences. Accordingly, the bank has no right to demand from the citizen in whose name the loan was taken out a refund of the funds," explains Kazimir Kezhun.

The court will refuse if it determines that you were a long-time participant in the online banking system, you yourself actively participated in the conclusion of the loan agreement, but you negligently transferred personal information to fraudsters. In this case, the contract will be considered concluded.

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